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50 U.S. states

Building code & frost-line guides by state

Frost depth, wind zone, seismic category, and the typical accessory-structure permit threshold for every U.S. state — the first three numbers any DIY pergola, gazebo, or pavilion builder needs before they buy lumber.

Every plan in our library specifies a 36-inch footing depth as the default. That is the IRC R403.1.4.1 baseline — but in roughly 18 of these 50 states, your local frost line is deeper than 36 inches and the default is not enough. In Maine, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Hampshire, and Vermont, the frost line reaches 60 inches. In coastal Louisiana, Mississippi, and most of Florida, you can dig as little as 6 inches and pass inspection — but you will face a 150-170 mph wind load that requires double hurricane ties at every rafter-to-beam connection.

Use the state guides below to look up the three pieces of information your local building inspector cares about: the minimum footing depth, the design wind speed, and the permit-exempt structure size. Then cross-reference them against any plan in our library.

Alabama

5″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-humid

Alaska

100″ frost · 130 mph wind · Very high seismic

Permit-exempt up to 120 sq ft (typical) · Subarctic

Arizona

4″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-dry

Arkansas

12″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

California

12″ frost · 110 mph wind · Very high seismic

Permit-exempt up to 120 sq ft (typical) · Mixed (CA-specific code)

Colorado

36″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 120 sq ft (typical) · Cold-dry

Connecticut

42″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Delaware

30″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed

Florida

0″ frost · 170 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 100 sq ft (typical) · Hot-humid (hurricane)

Georgia

5″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-humid

Hawaii

0″ frost · 130 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 120 sq ft (typical) · Tropical

Idaho

36″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold-dry

Illinois

42″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Indiana

36″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Iowa

48″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Kansas

30″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed

Kentucky

24″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

Louisiana

4″ frost · 150 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 120 sq ft (typical) · Hot-humid (hurricane)

Maine

60″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

Maryland

30″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

Massachusetts

48″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Michigan

42″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Minnesota

60″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 120 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

Mississippi

6″ frost · 150 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-humid

Missouri

30″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed

Montana

48″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold-dry

Nebraska

42″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Nevada

18″ frost · 115 mph wind · High seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-dry

New Hampshire

60″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

New Jersey

36″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed

New Mexico

24″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-dry

New York

48″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 144 sq ft (typical) · Cold

North Carolina

12″ frost · 140 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

North Dakota

60″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

Ohio

36″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Oklahoma

12″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed (tornado)

Oregon

18″ frost · 115 mph wind · High seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Marine

Pennsylvania

36″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold

Rhode Island

42″ frost · 130 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold-coastal

South Carolina

8″ frost · 150 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Hot-humid (hurricane)

South Dakota

48″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

Tennessee

12″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

Texas

12″ frost · 150 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed (Gulf hurricane south)

Utah

30″ frost · 115 mph wind · High seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Cold-dry

Vermont

60″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 144 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

Virginia

18″ frost · 130 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 256 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

Washington

18″ frost · 115 mph wind · High seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Marine

West Virginia

24″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Mixed-humid

Wisconsin

48″ frost · 115 mph wind · Low seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold

Wyoming

48″ frost · 115 mph wind · Moderate seismic

Permit-exempt up to 200 sq ft (typical) · Very cold-dry